BWARS Maps and Species Concepts

There have been quite a few developments in how BWARS deals with species - primarily moving to a species concept basis. Simply put, this relates the interpretation of a name to a publication, which in turn relates to the type specimen. A more complete illustration can be found in the downloads on this page.

All data received, verified and validated by BWARS up to 2020 has been mapped.

We would be very grateful for any comments regarding these maps. There are always errors which creep in, your vigilance in pointing these out is greatly valued.

Some modern papers which relate to some of the changes in species concepts are also available as downloads here.

MAPS

All the species maps can now be found on the species concept pages     

MAP TITLES:

species name: iso. source : year of publication

iso: in the sense of

source: author of the species description and key

year: year of publication of species description and key (NB. This is NOT the date of the map. Most maps include records up to 2020)

map created on: date map was created

DATE CLASSES FOR MAPS:                                                                  

Darkest green squares are 2015 to present;

Dark green squares are 2005 to 2014;

Light green squares are 1995 to 2004;

Palest green squares are for records earlier than 1995

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS FOR SPECIES CONCEPTS

Species or Species concept? - an explanation of the names used by BWARS

2023 List of species and all known associated nomenclature - A list of all known major uses of nomenclature in GB and their current interpretation

Species concepts: Notes and references for Species Concept Dictionary comments (BWARS 2017) doc link

Evolution of Aculeates: Branstetter, M.G. et al. Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees

Ants

Lasius: Seiffert, B., A Taxonomic Revision of the Palaearctic Members of the Ant Subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Ponera: Csősz, S. and Seifert, B. Ponera Testacea Emery, 1895 Stat. N. – A Sister Species of P. Coarctata (Latreille, 1802) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Stenamma: Dubois, M.,B. A Revision of the Ant Genus Stenamma in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions

Tapinoma: Seiffert, B. Clarifying naming and identification of the outdoor species of the ant genus Tapinoma FÖRSTER, 1850 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Europe north of the Mediterranean region with description of a new species

Bees

Nomada facilis: Notton, D.G. and Norman, H. Hawk's-Beard Nomad Bee, Nomada facilis, New to Britain (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Wasps

Social Wasps: Dvořák, L. &  Roberts, S.P.M. Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Chrysididae Key: Paukkunen, et al.An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries,
with description of a new species

Spilomena: Vikberg, V.V. A re-evaluation of five European species of Spilomena with a key to European species and relevance to the fauna of North Europe, especially Finland (Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae)